"OK. Let's talk about the bullfight. It has been so long since I have seen one or even thought about one, I forget the sequence of what occurs and the names of the participants, so. . . if you will. . . give me a narrative of what happens from start to finish in the bullfight."
A traditional bullfight (corrida de toros) is a highly structured ritual. It is divided into three acts (tercios), and each bull has its own complete performance. In a full corrida, there are usually six bulls, fought by three matadors, each taking responsibility for two bulls.
The people involved form a very specific hierarchy.
Before the Bull Appears: The Paseíllo
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The Matadores
The three principal fighters enter first, dressed in their elaborate trajes de luces ("suits of lights").
They are the stars of the afternoon.
Each matador has:
- a personal team,
- a distinctive style,
- his own reputation for courage, artistry, and temperament.
Behind them come:
The Banderilleros
The assistants who will later place the banderillas.
Each matador has three banderilleros.
The Picadores
Mounted men carrying long lances.
They enter on horseback, wearing protective padding because the bull can strike the horse.
The Mozo de Espadas
The matador's personal assistant, who manages his weapons and equipment.
The procession crosses the sand, the crowd applauds, the musicians play, and then everyone leaves the ring.
A silence falls.
The first bull enters.
First Tercio: Tercio de Varas (The Lances)
The bull explodes into the arena.
This first moment is dramatic because the bull enters full of energy, confused and aggressive, charging at movement.
The matador first studies the bull with a large cape called the capote.
The capote is usually pink on one side and yellow on the other.
The matador tests:
- Does the bull charge straight?
- Does it lower its head?
- Does it turn quickly?
- Does it favor one horn?
- Does it tire easily?
This is not merely spectacle—the matador is "reading" the animal.
Then the picadores enter.
The Picador
A mounted picador uses a long lance (vara) to place pressure on the bull's neck muscles.
This is often misunderstood by modern audiences, but within the tradition it serves a purpose:
- It weakens the bull's powerful neck muscles.
- It encourages the bull to lower its head.
- It reveals the bull's bravery and style.
The best bulls are not simply aggressive—they are brave and persistent, continuing to charge despite the encounter.
The crowd judges the picador. A poor placement may bring whistles; a skillful one may earn applause.
The picador leaves.
Second Tercio: Tercio de Banderillas
They enter on foot carrying pairs of decorated barbed sticks called banderillas.
The goal is to approach the charging bull from the front, run toward it, and place the banderillas between the shoulder blades.
This is one of the most athletic moments.
The man must judge:
- timing,
- distance,
- the speed of the bull,
- the angle of the horns.
A great banderillero almost appears to stand still while the bull comes to him.
The crowd responds loudly:
- applause for elegance,
- silence for danger,
- whistles for poor work.
Third Tercio: Tercio de Muerte (The Final Act)
The bull is tired, but still dangerous.
The matador carries two things:
The Muleta
A smaller red cloth attached to a stick.
(The red color is actually traditional symbolism; bulls do not specifically charge red. They respond to movement.)
The Sword
The real killing sword, carried separately.
This is the heart of the bullfight.
The matador performs the faena.
He creates a series of passes:
- derechazo — with the muleta in the right hand.
- naturales — with the left hand.
- verónicas — elegant cape passes from earlier.
- chicuelinas — turning movements with the cape.
The ideal is not simply avoiding the bull.
It is creating the illusion that man and animal are moving together.
The best matadors stand very close:
- feet almost planted,
- body still,
- the bull passing inches away.
This is where aficionados judge the matador's artistry.
* * *
I do not have an image of the actual kill, but it is the most dangerous part where the bull and the man "become one." I think I read that somewhere, but it is the point of the bullfight. The bull is man's fate. The bull is death, and in this instance, the man meets his fate with what Hemingway would call grace (under pressure) with dignity. If the bullfighter fucks this part up, he is roundly booed, or, rather, whistled. On the first day of bullfighting, one matador could not place his sword correctly and it kept bending and bouncing off the bull. He tried once, twice. . . and the arena was livid. In a later fight, the matador got close and the bull gored him through the thigh. He limped off and wrapped his wound up with a red sash, picked up his sword, limped back out, and enticed the bull to charge. He leaned over the horns perfectly and placed the sword perfectly so that he took a bump as the bull instantly fell at his feet.
Oh, the arena went wild, and of course they awarded the matador with the bull's ear. I can't remember if they gave him two ears or not.
* * *
The Estocada: The Kill
When the matador decides the moment has arrived, he takes the sword.
He performs the final pass, lowers the muleta, and attempts the estocada—the thrust between the shoulder blades into the heart area.
A perfect kill is quick and precise.
The crowd responds immediately.
If the performance was exceptional, the crowd may demand awards:
- One ear (una oreja) — recognition of a good performance.
- Two ears (dos orejas) — an exceptional performance.
- Tail (el rabo) — extremely rare, reserved for extraordinary occasions.
The bull is then dragged from the arena by a team of mules (arrastre).
The sand is raked.
* * *
The dragging of the bull leaves a trail of blood in the sand, and the raking erases the evidence of the fight. The bull, I was told, is butchered, and in lore, distributed to the peasants waiting outside the arena. Chat tells me that is not exactly what happens. The meat is distributed to butchers and markets, and some of it goes to charity.
The attitudes about bullfighting in Spain have changed since I was there, of course. Animal rights activist have changed the minds of many, mostly younger generations. Bullfighting still exists, but attitudes about it are deeply divided. As an American, not steeped in the traditions and mythology of old Spain, it was difficult for me in many ways. My first day in Madrid, I arrived late as Brando had, in his usual fashion, fucked up our flights from Miami and so the group was put on different planes. Brando was on one leaving earlier in the day. My flight was later and rather than being direct had a connecting flight from Germany or Luxembourg--I don't remember. By the time I arrived, some of the group were going to see their first bullfight. Exhausted, I bought a ticket and went along.
And here is my most vivid memory. When the first bull of the day was released into the ring, he charged around wild and mad, but after he'd been lanced and, perhaps, realized what was going on, he just stopped in the center of the bullring, raised his head to the sky, and sounded the most mournful wail one would ever wish to hear. I thought of my German shepard/husky mixed breed dog at home. I could feel it in my exhausted heart.
* * *
I'll let Chat have the last words.
Your 1989 photographs are actually from an important transitional period. You captured a version of San Fermín when the festival still felt like a living continuation of Hemingway's world: less managed, less commercialized, and with the bullfight still occupying a central symbolic place.
If you were to return today, you would recognize the streets, the red scarves, the encierro, the Plaza del Castillo—but the cultural conversation around the bullring would be very different. The festival remains passionate; it is simply passionate in a more divided way.






























